Population Essays - Environmental Issues, Population Ecology

populace Populace A populace as per the funk and Wangnall Dictionary is a gathering of people subject to the procedures of birth, passing, and relocation.. During the initial 2 million long periods of our history the human populace had next with no impact upon the by and large world biological system, without any than 10 million individuals. In the New Stone Age, under 10,000 years prior, the quantity of people started to increment all the more quickly. By the start of the Christian period it had arrived at 250 million, and constantly 1650 CE up to a large portion of a billion(Internet Source)Reproduction come about un having youngsters which were ideal for doing farmwork, gathering share and beginning family. By 2030,the populace is anticipated to hit eight to ten billion. With this fast development, worry for what's to come is inescapable. The planet can not deal with any longer bedlam and can not make enough food to disturbate to the individuals who are sought after of it. A steady relationship with plants and creatures must be accomplished or future populaces will endure. Issue Around 140 000 million infants will be conceived, and 53 million will kick the bucket which gives the overpopulated world an extra 84 million individuals for every year. With the planet developing at disturbing rate 230 000 every day individuals, With the expanding populace, contamination is on the ascent, making safe water scant In Asia the populace increments by 50 million, the populace of Africa by 17 million and Latin America and the Caribbean by just eight million. Africa has the hightest development rate at 2.36 %(Internet Source). These are places where individuals need kids for work or in the event that they don't need kids they have no chance to get of persuading contraception or to be educated about it, consequently causing the populace to develop at a disturbing rate. Somebody must take care of the hungry, with every individual requiring around 2 200 calouries every day unfortunetly of the six billion more than 220 million are malnourished. Reasons for fast development Since forever many have discussed the plant's conveying limit. As far back as 469 BC in Socrates time and to the present, have said that the world will languish all inclusive over there won't sufficient nourishment for people. Ranchers of the past, present and the future have and will keep on refuting these presumptions. Cultivating is the elemant that has been keeping the assumpation wrong. Cultivating has been around since the 8000 B.C maybe one of the most significant developments ever constructed Too numerous individuals are living on the plant by and by, much appreciated to innovation less individuals are biting the dust due the personal satisfaction that is improving, in spite of the fact that its not legitimately identified with malnutriention it's the speed of development that is the reason for malnourshed and cultivating is the fuel that lets the populace become so quick. The main driver s of lack of healthy sustenance is the absence of accessible and moderate food, wellbeing administrations, safe water, and legitimate sanitation. Innovation not just lets mankind to live more furthermore, more beneficial lives furnishing them with a superior personal satisfaction due to the way that we eat better. Cultivating with the assistance of tecnology is the cause why we eat better in this manner letting the human populace develop quickly. From the beginning of time many have discussed the plant's conveying limit. As far back as 469 BC in Socrates time and to the present, have said that the world will languish all around over there will insufficient nourishment for people. Ranchers of the past, present and the future have and will keep on refuting these suppositions. Cultivating is the elemant that has been keeping the assumpation wrong. Cultivating has been around since the 8000 B.C maybe one of the most significant creations ever constructed. Without cultivating the world would not have the option to arrive at the present size of the human populace and the for seen future. Somebody must take care of the hungry, with every individual requiring around 2 200 calouries every day. Cultivating carries food to supper tables and is the thing that encourages us to develop. It permits people to develop and get showed new strategies for innovation to help society later on. Innovation isn't just valuable for cultivating, however it expands the future of people, in this way less individuals are kicking the bucket. what's more, monitoring the populace . During the fourteenth century the Black Death cleared out 33% of the number of inhabitants in Europe.(Grolier Reference book) If the fourteenth century had our current day medication or innovation, this catasophy would have been inconceivable. Triumph over infection on an overall scale didn't come until twentieth century with the presentation of anti-microbials and DDT. DDT is a functioning, expansive range pesticide, especially

Online trust in Singapore context Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Online trust in Singapore setting - Assignment Example 8 (a). The table underneath shows Spearman connection investigation between â€Å"good item guarantees† and â€Å"products show up in great condition†, where the lines speak to the respondents’ sentiments in great administrations and the sections speak to the frequencies of the respondents organized replies according to the suppositions. 8 (b). The table beneath speaks to spearman connection examination between â€Å"security data explained† and â€Å"safety of credits cards guaranteed†, where the lines speak to the respondents’ feelings in great administrations and the sections speak to the frequencies of the respondents organized replies according to the sentiments. 8 (c). The table above shows spearman’s connection between's â€Å"uses of individual subtleties explained† and â€Å"personal subtleties kept confidential† where the lines speak to the respondents’ sentiments in great administrations and the segments speak to the frequencies of the respondents organized replies comparable to the suppositions. The 8 (eight) tables above are recurrence tables that speak to different factors examined being referred to 10 of the review. The factors are ‘Agree’, ‘Number of respondents’, ‘Disagree’, ‘Not sure’, ‘Strongly Agree’, ‘Strongly Disagree’, ‘skipped’ and ‘Total number of Respondents’. 10. The table beneath shows Spearman relationship between's, â€Å"Whether the site looks and works commonly equivalent to other online stores† and â€Å"The entire site experience is ordinary and with no surprising circumstances (for example the presence of spring up ads)† where the lines speak to the respondents sentiments as respects their trust in an online store and the segments speak to the degrees and frequencies of the respondents organized replies comparable to their contemplated degrees of trust. 12 (a). The table underneath shows Spearman connection between's â€Å"presence of gatherings in the online store for you to check and examine issues with other customers’’ and â€Å"if clients post inaccurate

The Other CPW

The Other CPW Of all the numerous documents bestowed upon prefrosh checking in for Campus Preview Weekend, none is more important than the CPW booklet, a 96-page tome emblazoned MIT CPW in bright tangerine and maroon block type. Far from decorational, the gaudy colors make this softcover the ideal test for prefrosh identification more useful than phenolphtalein or even the flame test. No CPW-goer would set out for a days adventures without the booklet as it contains, in addition to useful maps of campus and the Cambridge area, the dates, times, locations, and descriptions for all 620 officially-recognized CPW events. Thats enough for one to begin every 7 minutes or more closely resembling reality for 8 to begin on every hour of the weekend, causing even the most fervent Course 8 disciples to curse the physical laws restricting them to a single location at a given time. Of course, the most hardcore physics geeks attempt to channel the powers of quantum mechanics to transform themselves into distributed probability waves, but are ultimately unsuccessful and, along with their fellow mortals, only get to attend a fraction of the events they would like. These events are the most visible external feature of CPW: they are many, well attended, and thoroughly documented. However, Im writing here to point out another aspect of CPW, one far less frequently discussed, possibly because of the challenge describing it poses. It is the difference of CPW and the events; it is why years of blog posts detailing the minutae of CPW never adequately described the vitality and excitement of the weekend; it is the intangible element that makes CPW so much more than a jumble of activities. Most of all, it is extremely difficult to define. So, Ill instead attempt to demonstrate the part of MIT that cant be found in any booklet: the other CPW. Thursday, 8:15-9:15pm Frialator @ Theta Xi After wandering Boston lost for the better part of an hour, our group was getting quite hungry, so we decided to head to one of the fraternity cookouts on Beacon Street. Under the direction of our dubiously-appointed navigator, Maria 13, we located a frat house and knocked at its door. As it turned out, it was a Boston University fraternity and was understandably not holding a CPW barbecue. Further roaming brought us to Theta Xi, an MIT fraternity whose Thursday-evening cookout was long over, but which nonetheless invited us to pick through the leftovers. To our surprise and delight, among the lukewarm hamburger patties and scattered ketchup bottles was a large cardboard box filled with industrial quantities of frozen french fries. The brothers of Theta Xi saw our excitement and offered to prepare some for us. We followed downstairs to the kitchen, where we saw the most glorious thing a disheveled pack of hungry prefrosh could imagine: a piping-hot frialator. The master chefs of Theta Xi fried and salted an entire bag of potato sticks, far more than we could possibly eat. Then, we all headed back upstairs to the TV room, where the Daily Show with Jon Stewart was on, shortly followed by the Colbert Report. Jon talked about the tea party protests, teabagging (of course), and the Red Sox / Yankees rivalry, all of which collectively made for some amusing but thoroughly intellectual commercial conversations. The brothers also gave us a tour of the roof deck, a delightfully hazardous structure grandfathered into local ordinances. In addition to making a fine grilling platform, it has an excellent view of the imfamous Citgo sign. Thursday, 9:30pm Course 5 UROP Seminar @ Boston West Saferide Walking the Harvard Bridge and counting off smoots along the way is an excellent CPW activity, but the novelty wears off quickly after the first crossing, so we literally chased down the Boston West Saferide for the trip back to MIT. On the mostly-empty bus, we were easily recognized as prefrosh by a friendly Course 5 senior. During the ride around Boston, we talked about his experiences at MIT, focusing on research at MIT and in Israel through MISTI. The discussion quickly involved everyone riding on the bus, and Divya 13 led nearly half a dozen other prefrosh in an OMG, youre from New York too?! powwow. Once back on campus, we wandered the floors of Burton-Conner (all of them) and settled into Conner 2s TV lounge for the night, just down the hall from where I was supposed to be sleeping in suite 223. From about midnight to 4am, there was a steady stream of floor residents walking down the hallway, most of whom spotted the prefrosh in the lounge and stayed to chat. A constantly-revolving set of natives sat with us on the couches, and we talked about everything from 8.01 flavors to dining (which is still an extremely touchy issue) to Masons knack for awkwardly and hilariously ending conversations, something he had done 117 times since the floor began keeping tally on a whiteboard in the lounge. Around 4 am, we and the more permanent inhabitants of Conner 2 went to sleep. The plan was to sleep until lunchtime, then carry on well-rested, but a bright East Coast sunrise at 6am got us up in time for earliest of waffle breakfasts. Apparently, even our celestial friend knows: if youre sleeping at CPW, youre doing it wrong. Friday, 7:30pm Divya 13s Birthday Party @ BTB Lounge Friday morning, I attended a 2.007 (robot-building) lab at the recommendation of a dedicated mechanical engineering student I met Thursday evening walking down the Infinite Corridor. She was walking down the center of the hallway working on a Solidworks model on her laptop, but apparently had time to chat with prefrosh about Course 2. Shortly thereafter, I attended an 8.022 (electromagnetism for masochists) lecture, wearing my Maxwells equations t-shirt, which received a passing compliment from the lecturer as I took a seat. The next few hours blurred, but Im fairly certain I toured East Campus in that period. Next thing I remember, I was at Meet the Bloggers, which as an event would be outside the scope of this post, but there Yan presented me with another Maxwells equations shirt, but this one from Course 8, so the equations were written in proper symmetrical differential form. At one point that evening, I was simultaneously wearing two t-shirts bearing Maxwells equations, one in integral form and the other in differential. Thats a level of nerdiness frowned upon even at CPW. After Meet the Bloggers, which ran late, a text message proclamation arrived from Divya 13: I HAVE CAKE!!! The promise of food assembled the previous nights wandering group within minutes. As it were, Divyas parents drove 7 hours round-trip to deliver this wonderful cake (only slightly damaged) for her birthday. Requiring a table and utensils, we headed back to Burton-Conner and this time settled on Burton Third, home of the Burton Third Bombers. Sitting in the lounge, we ate as much as we could (perhaps one third of the cake) and talked with some of the floor inhabitants. We offered them some of our surplus cake, but they politely declined, typical of BTBs bashful reputation. When we had finished, however, we left the cake for the floor residents, and when we checked back in a few hours, it was devoured. Friday, 10pm-2:30am Absolutely Nothing at All @ Anywhere Nothing of any interest whatsoever to anyone happened Friday at 10pm. This stretch of nothingness ran well into the wee hours of the morning. Afterwards, we groggily stumbled back to some lounge on a Burton floor with abundant couches, still contemplating the inky black void encompassing the last 5 hours of our CPW experience. Sleep arrived at about 4am. Saturday, 4-4:30pm Impromptu Rock Band @ Conner 2 Another days worth of drifting around campus and event-going somehow led us to Conner 2, where I was theoretically staying. I hadnt seen much of my host due to my wandering, but he gave us a tour of the floor and then demonstrated his drumming prowess on Rock Band. Here, Snively 11 on drum set, Laura 13 on bass, Albert 13 (barely visible behind Laura 13) on vocals, and Chris 13 (off-screen) on guitar play an unknown song in the TV lounge of English House (you can even see the Union Jack on the side wall). Saturday, 9-10pm Getting Lost @ Boston That evening, when hunger pains returned, we flipped through our CPW booklets, scrounging for food-containing events. Promising looked Sigma Nus Pizza/Smoothies/Video Games!! as it apparently involved pizza, smoothies, and video games, along with a second exclamation mark promising copious amounts of excitement. So, we once again crossed the river, then sat under a street light for several minutes trying to locate Sigma Nus dot on the CPW booklet map. No, I jest. We kept walking without direction, eventually boarding a Saferide. The friendly driver let us off at the next stop, saying the bus didnt get any closer, and pointed us up a hill. Being clever prefrosh, we recognized the hill as a freeway exit ramp and instead veered to the side. Through a long and exciting series of misadventures, we found ourselves at Fenway Park (game night, Red Sox v. Orioles). Trust me when I say this was among the most enjoyable lost experiences Ive ever had, but we were all still hungry, so we oriented ourselves and headed to Sigma Nu, 28 The Fenway, which is interestingly enough nowhere near Fenway Park. Saturday, 10pm Pool and Photography Seminar @ Sigma Nu Finally, we arrived at Sigma Nu, which is a fascinating fraternity. It is geographically isolated from most of the frats, which are largely on Beacon and Bay State Road. The house is actually more accurately described as a mansion, with grand dining halls and a massive 4-story spiral grand staircase, capped off with a stained glass roof. When we arrived, the smoothies and video games were well underway, but the pizza had been reduced to meager scraps of Hawaiian. We grabbed the remainder and toured around the building, ending up in the basement, where we played pool and talked to the brothers of SN for several hours. We also attended a brief photography masterclass, which presumably inspired Divya 13 to create this masterpiece. Sunday, 3-5am Chair Racing @ The Tunnels If theres one thing that no CPW experience would be complete without and there is one it is pulling an all-nighter. For me, that was the last night of the weekend. After departing from SN and walking across the Harvard Bridge in the rain (the Weather Machine broke the last day), we headed back to the Infinite Corridor. More specifically, we headed under the Infinite Corridor, into the tunnels. These passageways are useful for traveling in the cold Boston winters, but in a few locations, then also slope steadily downward. A resourceful student could locate rolling chairs and head to one of these inclines. A lucky prefrosh, such as a blurry Maria 13 here, could walk down a tunnel, turn a corner, and find herself in mortal peril. Of course, even more dangerous than walking through tunnels filled with speeding chairs is to ride said chairs down the treacherous slopes, so thats precisely what we did for the following hours. Several bruises, scrapes, and one narrowly-avoided cranial fracture later, we left the underground to watch the Sun rise over the Boston skyline, all without a minute of sleep. If there exists an appropriate conclusion to a CPW entry, its not something Im capable of writing, so in its stead, I welcome the Class of 2013 and wish all future applicants good luck. Having just turned in my enrollment forms, hopefully Ill see you all at another incredible CPW.

O Connor s A Good Man - 1172 Words

Flannery O’Connor has written multiple books pertaining to the two topics she knows best, southern living and the Catholic religion. Most of O Connor s writings focus on humanity s biggest question. â€Å"What is required to attain salvation?† Growing up as a devout Roman-Catholic, O’Connor is able to shed some light into a question that even scholars of the Christian faith are unable to answer. Although O Connor has multiple books, the one that answers the many questions surrounding salvation best, is A Good Man is Hard to Find. Throughout A Good Man is Hard to Find, O’Connor provides her readers with multiple allegories that allude to her beliefs of humans being nothing more than fallen, depraved creatures capable of redemption and salvation. In the beginning of the story, O’Connor introduces a somewhat typical family preparing for vacation with their grandmother. During their preparation, the family illustrates just how disjointed and manipulativ e they truly are. In fact, in an attempt to get her own way, the grandmother tries to scare the family into going to Tennessee instead of Florida, with the news of a killer who escaped prison. â€Å"Here this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is loose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people†.(O’Connor 575). The grandmother s tactic represents the selfish and manipulative tendencies of humanity. Unafraid of an escaped killer, the family decides to embark on theirShow MoreRelatedFlannery O Connor s A Good Man1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Catholic religion. Most of her writings focus on humanity s biggest question. â€Å"What is required to attain salvation?† Growing up as a devout Roman-Catholic, O’Connor is able to shed some light into a question that even scholars in the Christian faith are unable to answer. Although O Connor has multiple books, the one that answers the many questions surr ounding salvation best, is A Good Man is Hard to Find. Throughout A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery O’Connor provides her readers with multipleRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man1467 Words   |  6 Pageshappening in the South. She has put the issues that they have in different scenarios or situations that people could understand in her short stories, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard To Find† along with â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge.† O’Connor has various characters in her stories that have characteristics that make them damaged, delusional or broken. In â€Å"A Good Man,† The Misfit is a broken character. He does not know the difference from right and wrong by cause of his father never being punished for the thingsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s A Good Man 1166 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O Connor is a writer who is well known for stories like A Good Man Is Hard To Find and The Life You Save May Be Your Own. Although both stories rely heavily on theme and foreshadowing, she uses these elements to pick at a larger meaning. Whether her stories depict violence and or redemption, there is always a lesson in the end. O Connor uses irony in order to foreshadow to readers her inevitable endings. In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, a family vacation suddenly ends violently.Read MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages In my analysis of â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, I will examine the different elements of this piece of literature and break the subject down into its component parts. I also plan to provide evident that O’Connor uses religion as the theme for her short story using several examples of foreshadowing and symbolic throughout her story. After reading the story more than once, I notice some interesting quotes that will back-up my claims that O’Connor’s story is about something that must do with spiritualRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man 869 Words   |  4 Pages My first reaction to â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to find† was that of sadness and I felt that it was tragic of what happened to the family in the st ory. I felt really bad for the grandma because no one seemed to be pleased with her or listen to her. I felt like the son was almost tired of dealing with his own mom, or that is the feeling I got from his reactions to her. Even the children did not seem to respect the old lady. O’Connor’s story was very descriptive. Throughout the whole story there wereRead MoreFlannery O Connor s A Good Man1493 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters at a time of utter shock and devastation. In â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, the grandmother is enlightened when a mass murderer’s gun is pointing at her. In â€Å"Good Country People†, Hulga’s salvation comes when Manley Pointer, a con artist, steals her artificial leg and glasses. In these traumatic events, Flannery O’Connor exposes the moral hypocrisy of her protagonists through distressing and nightmarish moments. In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, O’Connor meticulously dissects the meaningRead MoreAn Analysis Of Flannery O Connor s A Good Man1425 Words   |  6 PagesBakane Franca Dr. Lorna Wiedmann English 202-025 December 12, 2014 The Devious Grandmother Have you ever noticed that, many individuals never awaken to reality unless they are exposed to violence? In Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† his main character, the grandmother is a master manipulator. In the story, a family is destroyed not only because of accidents caused by the grandmother, but also because the grandmother is inconsiderate and self-centered; they are all killedRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find tells the story of a family from Atlanta, Georgia as it makes it way to Florida for a vacation. The five members of the family include the grandmother, her son Bailey and his wife. Among the passengers are three children, one of whom is still a baby. There fatal deaths in the end illustrate the belief that everybody has their own unique flaws. The grandmother plays a pivotal role in the story considering the fact that she selfishly convinces the familyRead MoreAn Analysis Of O Connor s A Good Man 941 Words   |  4 Pages6/03/2015: O’Connor’s short story â€Å" A Good Man Is Hard To Find† symbolizes a theme of religion which questions me to think how O’Connor was raised? In my intention of this story every character seems to play a key role of religion. As for the Misfit can be seen as Satan himself as he encounters the family and kills them all. Yet he does it so politely saying â€Å"he is not a good man†, and how he only shoots just 3 bullets into the Grandmother. This gives me a sense of how O’Connor is conveying a messageRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man893 Words   |  4 PagesIn O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† the definition of what it takes to be a â€Å"good man† is very misconstrued. In the beginning of this story a â€Å"good† character does not exist. The family is habi tually mean to the grandmother, and the grandmother is a conceded, selfish human being. The misfit, another main character, is a criminal and is not a morally good person either. The central theme of the entire story is the concept of the word â€Å"good,† and what it takes to meet this expectation

The Forbidden Truth Regarding Cultural Identity Essay Topics Revealed by an Old Pro

The Forbidden Truth Regarding Cultural Identity Essay Topics Revealed by an Old Pro Rumors, Lies and Cultural Identity Essay Topics If you begin your culture identity essay without preparation, you might make plenty of mistakes. You might consider yourself as having several cultural identities simultaneously, so the most crucial issue is picking the one which resonates with you most. Everybody, sooner or later in their lives, suffers the exact same sense of inadequacies. The Puritan children on the opposite hand, had very little privacy and very little chance to do whatever may be deemed as corrupt throughout that time. The Battle Over Cultural Identity Essay Topics and How to Win It Second paragraph should concentrate on another one, etc. Thesis usually means an argumentative, powerful claim that must be proven. It is all dependent on the subject you decide on and the techniques you use in writing this type of academic paper. After reading, it is easy to write my paper and truly feel comfortable getting grades as large as you are able to imagine. Each paper has examples that are utilized to demonstrate the thesis statement. Don't forget that when you're writing your paper there aren't any incorrect answers. Since the start of the formation of the USA, race has been a big matter. Identity theft is getting a significant issue in last few decades. Students should begin by receiving their free yearly credit reports from a legitimate source. To begin with, pick the subject for investigation. Education is the fundamental need of human. Language is among the quickest and most efficient techniques to understand a community of people, while it's a little tribe or a complete nation. Teachers should operate to reinforce proper rebellion and minimize inappropriate rebellion. They need to re member that, in order to create a positive classroom environment, they must set the overall mood and tone for the classroom. A cultural identity essay is a form of creative or academic writing that expresses the sensation of belonging to a specific culture credited to the growing up and becoming a distinct person with its personality. Developing a notion of self or personal identity is a consequence of interaction with individuals who make up your culture. Generally, cultural identity is a set of cultural elements influencing the evolution of an individual's identity. At the current time, the essence of cultural identity is changing. With this much information on the topic of culture and various methods of life, it can be tough to choose what things to write about. My cultural identity is composed of lots of numerous aspects. There are a lot of helpful ways. Throughout history, relationships have developed and gone through dramatic changes dependent on the social norms at the moment. Co-culture greatly influences the ways whom I communicate with people outside my co-culture. By comparison, students ma act out in violent or self-destructive ways, and teachers want to be on the watch for such behavior so that they can help to stop it from continuing. Americans work very tough to attain their targets. Aside from shaping behaviors acceptable for women and men, behaviors between women and men also suffer cultural implications. Cultural Identity Essay Topics for Dummies Your background, religion, race or language won't be a factor to prepare your dream, but it turns into the benefit to satisfy your destiny. Macau is quite a special location in Asia because it's a blend of western and eastern culture. Needless to say, Arab identity is a great deal more complicated and cannot simply be defined by a mutual language. Noticeably accelerated the pace of social and cultural alterations, so the kinds of identification are getting more short-lived. Structure of cultu ral identity essay is going to be the very same in all instances, varying only with regard to size. In most cases, a topic involves a single sentence. The primary aim of the essay about cultural identity is to share a feeling of identification with the specific nation. Begin with the introduction revolving about your thesis and explain what you are going to be exploring in the essay. Choosing topics for essays takes a little time and energy. Extensive research isn't required. When you have selected the principal subject of your essay, it is the right time to invent an ideal topic. Once you get your topic, proceed to make an outline for your work to assist you work efficiently. The subject of assignment might appear narrow. Many times, the subject of this sort of essay appears too confined. Religion is really the most important in cultural society. If you don't understand how to do so, read the culture essay example. A culture is the sign of the nation and it's the soul of the people of what it is that they believe in. Also, it is pretty liberal about sexual identities too. Music is the ideal way to identify one with the specific culture. Language is the main cause of culture. It is one of the most important forms of material culture, without language there is no concept of culture. Bear in mind your essay may look nothing in this way. Life was pretty easy and uncomplicated for the youthful couple. Society today appears to operate in a completely different way. Cultural Identity Essay Topics Options Cultural identity is quite a complicated notion that includes multiple levels. Language can play a major part in cultural identity, particularly if you're bilingual. Family identity consists of the traits an individual has inherited together with the part in their family they've been born into. Cultural and ethnic identities, together with language, are among the most critical elements of human identity which should be observed, analysed and studied together.

Plant Lectin on Blood Agglutination Free Essays

Lectin is a protein that is commonly found in certain plants such as grains   (wheat), legumes (soybeans and peanuts), and also can be found in potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper. It is found to be toxic, especially if the food containing it is undercooked. It causes damage to the gut wall in the stomach. We will write a custom essay sample on Plant Lectin on Blood Agglutination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lectin’s toxicity may even cause rapid death. Lectin is a glycoprotein. As a glycoprotein, it is capable of binding to carbohydrate. It tends to bind to carbohydrates in specific and reversible manner. It is a protein that has binding site specific to carbohydrate. Because of this ability of lectin, it can cause agglutination of red blood cells. It does so by interaction with the sugar moieties of the cell wall leading to the clumping together of the cells. In blood agglutination by lectin, its active sites are the ones that bind to the sugar moieties present in the cell wall of the red blood cells These active sites are consists of certain amino acid residues. It was suggested that there are two or more amino acid residues that are present in the active site of lectin (cited in Sharon, 2007). Some of these amino acid forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of the sugar or carbohydrate moiety. The other amino acids interact hydrophobically. Aside from these interactions, other kinds of interactions such as coordination with the metal, like interaction with the iron compound of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, and electrostatic interaction might occur as well.   Further interaction of these active sites to other carbohydrate part of the blood cells results to large mass, then the clumping of cells occurs. Specificity of lectin towards carbohydrates depends on the kind of amino acid present in its active site. This made plant lectin found its usefulness in the field of medicine. One application of plant lectin is in determining blood group. Lectin can agglutinate specific types of erythrocytes. Different sources of lectin may have different active sites, therefore may dictate the kind of carbohydrate it binds with. Plant lectins, despite of the danger it may pose in our health, can be still useful in our life. As the study and research on lectin progresses, more benefits that we can derive from these compounds are revealed. Reference Sharon, N. (2007). Lectins: Carbohydrate-specific Reagents and Biological Recognition Molecules. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 5, 2753-2764. Retrieved December 9,   2007 from, http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/282/5/2753    How to cite Plant Lectin on Blood Agglutination, Essay examples

The Diary Of Anne Framk Essays - Kim, Literature, Fiction

The Diary Of Anne Framk Angels Gate Title: Angel's Gate Author: Gary Crew Publisher: William Heinemann Australia Publishing Date: 1993 Setting: Angels Gate is set in fairly modern times around about 1980-1990. I know this because of the way the people dress and by the way the people talk. The way the people in the novel talk is very similar to how people talk now but the people in the novel don't use as much slang as most people do now. The way the people in the novel dress is also very similar to how people dress now but the people in the novel wear daggy clothes which are out of fashion now. A good example of how the people in the novel dress similarly but really daggy to people now, is when Julia wore a pink dress with puffy sleeves and silver high heel shoes to a dance. It is set in a country town called Jericho and I think the town is in Australia because the bush landscape around the town is very similar to Tasmania and the trees in the bush are Australian natives such as the gum. I feel that it isn't that important where this book is set as long as it is in a country town with bush landscapes. If it were set in the city it wouldn't be very good because the wild children wouldn't get very wild because there are always people around. Another reason it wouldn't be very good is that the wild children would be found much easier as there are not as many places to hide in the city as compared to the bush. Plot: Angel's Gate is about two children Mickey and Leena who disappear after the murder of their father Patrick Flannagan. The town's people first knew the children were still alive when eggs started to go missing from farm chicken yards on the outskirts of town. The people in the town searched for the children but they didn't find them until one night when Leena got trapped in a chicken yard and was caught. Leena was taken to a house called ?The Laurels? which was a doctor's surgery. Leena was looked after in the surgery where she got to know Julia and Kim who were the children of the doctor. She told them where her brother Mickey was hiding and that he was different. Mickey was eventually caught when Kim and Julia's boyfriend Bobby went camping. They found where Mickey was hiding and trapped him there so the police could get him. Once he was caught they found out that Mickey was the person who killed Patrick Flannagan and it was an accident so the people who were going to be charged for the murder were released. Main Characters: Kim: Kim is about 12 years old and he is fairly popular at school. He can over exaggerate a bit but he is generally truthful and he is very kind and caring. At home he is really nice and always helps doing jobs around the house as well as helping in the doctor's surgery. Kim really likes art and is also a very talented artist. His dream is to have a bike but he is not allowed to have one. Julia: Julia is Kim's sister and she has a boyfriend called Bobby. Julia is rather insensitive towards Kim and her family and all she talks about is Bobby. Julia is in her last year at school and next year she has to go to a private school on the coast. Julia doesn't want to go to the private school, as she wants to become a manager of a hotel. Julia works at a caf? kid who has lived on a farm his whole life. He now works on his dad's farm and he gets paid. He loves cars and has his own shevy ute which he always uses to take Julia for drives in. He is really kind and caring and doesn't care if Kim hangs around him when he is with Julia. Bobby wants to move to the coast once he has earned enough money to get a house. Leena: Leena is one of the wild children and she is the oldest one of the two. She is very nice to Kim but she doesn't like the rest of the family as much as she cares for him. When she was first captured she wouldn't speak to

The Office Layout Importance

The Office Layout Importance Introduction The main idea of this paper is to answer the question whether office layout is closer to the notion of the retail service layout or to the manufacturing layout. The office layout is closely related to the retail service layout as the main purposes of these notions are similar.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Office Layout Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, retail service layout is aimed at minimizing the way a customer should come to the desirable product (Alavudeen Venkateshwaran 2008). The same is about the office layout as it is more effective when employees can easily reach the equipment they work with and the information they need (Roy 2005). Literature review There are a lot of different works related to the similar problem. Still, none of them provides the answer whether office layout is more associated with retail service layout or with manufacturing layout. According to Bicheno and Elliot (1997) retail service layout is aimed at maximizing â€Å"the profit per square or cubic metre of space† (p. 129). At the same time, almost supporting this idea Heragu (2006) states that manufacturing layout â€Å"is different from office layout because different weights are attached to the factors† (p. 23) which influences those facilities. The new layout of the office may improve the effect from communication (Eisinger 2002). Communication serves as the basis for both office and retail service as it is promoted by the layout (Boutellier, Ullman, Schreiber, Naef 2008). The incorrect office layout may lead to violation of employees’ privacy (Binyaseen 2010). The same deals with the retail service layout and the personal customer information. Discussion Thus, the information discussed above shows that there are much in common between retail service layout and office layout, that manufacturing layout cannot have similar characteristics. It is possible to say that the information mentioned above is closely related to the topic we are discussing. If the company wants to reduce the costs in the office, it can change the office layout with the purpose not to dismiss employees. The same is with the retail service layout which may be changed when some changes in the customer sector are necessary (Charlton 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, working with the customers and trading, the innovative technologies are used. The same is with the office layout. There are so many different companies which deal with this problem, like IKEA 2008 Office planner (IKEA 2010) and Easy Office Planning Software (SmartDraw 2010). It is important to remember that the proper use of the office layout in the organization can solve many problems. Wieden + Kennedy (2010) is the advertising agency. Working in the advertising business, it is important to collaborate with other members of the team and, at the same time, to be as if in another room. The decision made by the design company NEXT Architecture (2010) is a really interesting decision. On the one hand, people see each other the walls in the rooms are made from glass, on the other hand, there are walls and no one can hear anything (Momoy 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, office layout is closely related to the retail service layout as the purposes are the same, in spite of the fact that they are directed at the different targets. The research conducted in this paper helps understand the importance of layout in different spheres of business, either the employees are involved, or the customers of the company. References Alavudeen and Venkateshwaran. (2008). Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Bicheno, J. and Elliot, B. (1997). Operations management: an active learning approach. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Binyaseen, A. (2010). Office layouts and employee participation. Facilities, 28 (7/8) p. 348.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Office Layout Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Boutellier, R., Ullman, F., Schreiber, J., Naef, R. (2008). Impact of office layout on communication in a science-driven business. RD Management, 38 (4), pp. 372-391. Charlton, B. (2003). Office Interiors Space crunch. Crains Detroit Business, 19 (31), p. 11. Eisinger, J. (2002). The Optimal Office. Association Management, 54 (10), p. 56. Heragu, S.S. (2006). Facilities Design. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. IKEA. (2010). IKEA 2008 Office planner. Web. Momoy. (2008). Wieden + Kennedy – Modern Advertising Agency Interior from NEXT. Web. NEXT Architecture. (2010). Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roy, R.N. A. (2005). Modern Approach to Operations Management. New Delhi: New Age International. SmartDraw. (2010). Easy Office Planning Software. Web. Wieden + Kennedy. (2010). Web.

Use of Quasiconcave Utility Functions in Economics

Use of Quasiconcave Utility Functions in Economics Quasiconcave is a mathematical concept that has several applications in economics. To understand the significance of the  terms applications in economics, it is useful to begin with a brief consideration of the origins and  meaning of the term in mathematics. Origins of the Term The term quasiconcave was introduced in the early part of the 20th century in the work of John von Neumann, Werner Fenchel and Bruno de Finetti, all prominent mathematicians with interests in both theoretical and applied mathematics, Their research in  fields such as probability theory, game theory and topology eventually laid the groundwork for an independent research field known as generalized convexity.  While the term quasiconcave: has applications in many areas, including economics, it originates in the field of generalized convexity as a topological concept. Definition of Topology Wayne State Mathematics Professor Robert Bruners brief and readable explanation of topology  begins with the understanding that topology is a special form of geometry. What distinguishes topology from other geometrical studies is that topology treats geometric figures as being essentially (topologically) equivalent if by bending, twisting and otherwise distorting them you can turn one into the other. This sounds a little strange, but consider that if you take a circle and begin squashing from four directions, with careful squashing you can produce a square. Thus, a square and a circle are topologically equivalent. Similarly, if you bend one side of a triangle until youve created  another corner somewhere along that side, with more bending, pushing and pulling, you can turn a triangle into a square. Again, a triangle and a square are topologically equivalent.   Quasiconcave as a Topological Property Quasiconcave is a topological property that includes concavity. If you graph a mathematical function and the graph looks more or less like a badly made bowl with a few bumps in it but still has a depression in the center and two ends that tilt upward, that is a quasiconcave function. It turns out that a concave function is just a specific instance of a quasiconcave function- one without the bumps. From a laypersons perspective (a mathematician has a more rigorous way of expressing it), a quasiconcave function includes all concave functions and also all functions that overall are concave but that may have sections that are actually convex. Again, picture a badly made bowl with a few bumps and protrusions in it.   Applications in Economics One way of mathematically representing consumer preferences (as well as  many other behaviors) is with a utility function. If, for example, consumers prefer good A to good B, the utility function U expresses that preference as:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U(A)U(B) If you graph out this function for a real-world set of consumers and goods, you may find that the graph looks a bit like a bowl- rather than a straight line, theres a sag in the middle. This sag generally represents consumers aversion to risk. Again, in the real world, this aversion isnt consistent: the graph of consumer preferences looks a bit like an imperfect bowl, one with a number of bumps in it. Instead of being concave, then, its generally concave but not perfectly so at every point in the graph, which may have minor sections of convexity. In other words, our example graph of consumer preferences (much like many real-world examples) is quasiconcave.  They tell anyone wanting to know more about consumer behavior- economists and corporations selling consumer goods, for instance- where and how customers  respond to changes in good amounts or cost.

Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument analysis - Essay Example It has been proven that obesity is connected with how easily affordable unhealthy foods are in comparison to fruits, vegetables, and healthier meats. However, there is nothing to suggest that only poor people are the ones buying the foods that are bad for the human body. Most people, regardless of their economic status, enjoy the tastes of many of these fattening snacks, such as chips and candy, and obtaining these has nothing to do with cost. If anything, if a person is rich or poor will only determine how many bags of chips or other unhealthy foods they will buy; a rich person is more liable to buy more since they can afford it. Since poor people can afford less, more of their money would go towards proper foods, like meats, instead of junk foods that cannot make meals. Cullen brings up the point that there are more convenience stores and gas stations than there are grocery stores. Convenience stores and gas stations carry only a small variety of food, â€Å"Chef Boyardee but not baby carrots (Cullen).† In lower-income neighborhoods, these places might be more common than a grocery store, but that does not mean that poor people are unwilling to drive a few extra miles to shop at a grocery store. When most people go shopping for food, regardless of the money they have, they go where they need to so that they may get what they want. If poor people want steaks, they will go and buy steaks; if rich people want hotdogs, they will buy hotdogs. Being rich or poor has nothing to do with the type of food people are willing to eat, and therefore cannot be considered a cause of obesity. Regardless of how much money a person is making, obesity is everywhere, and I find it hard to believe that every one of these obese people is poor. Each person, taking away the factor of money, will have similar eating habits as someone else. Poor people may prefer the cheaper food, but rich people can still afford more, especially of the cheap, unhealthy food. Though Cullen makes many good points, a lot of them seem to be assumptions or opinions. Her argument could be strengthened if she used citable facts and statistics to prove her points. When Is Thin Too Thin? The fashion industry is an important one, designing and displaying the fashion that will one day grace the presence of our outlet malls and fashion boutiques. Fashion models are used to present those clothes in the way that their designers intended them to be worn. As Eric Wilson points out in his article â€Å"When Is Thin Too Thin?,† part of the vision of these designers involves ghastly underweight women as the models to display these fashions. The designers of these fashions, as well as many of the agents that hire the models, claim that there is nothing wrong with the weight or health of these women. This is despite the fact that prospectors at fashion shows have the ability of counting every rib on many of the models. Beauty has blurred the line between healthy and unhealthy, and this perception needs to change. â€Å"Underweight models [and] fashion shows perpetuate an unhealthy image of beauty, encouraging eating disorders among young women (Wilson).† Women are staving themselves for their work and they are being praised for it, receiving positive feedback and proclamations of beauty. Unfortunately, this is not even the worst part. Shockingly enough, many

Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Propaganda - Essay Example Propaganda The word ‘propaganda’ was defined by Linebarger (1954) as consisting of â€Å"the planned use of any form of public or mass-produced communication designed to affect the minds and emotions of a given group for a specific purpose, whether military, economic, or political" (p. 39). With the definition, one could effectively present an analysis of an advertisement that has been recognized as one of the best viewed ads of 2011: â€Å"Volkswagen’s â€Å"The Force†, in which a young Star Wars fan tries to use â€Å"The Force† on his father’s new Passat† (Holmes, 2011, par. 2). The advertisment definitely falls under the definition of a propaganda in terms of using mass-produced communication through the television and posting online with the purpose of eliciting emotion from the audience regarding the launching of 2012 Passat. In this regard, the paper aims to proffer issues pertinent to an analysis of the ad according to the foll owing categories: context, ideology, visual appeals, language, identification and otherness. The main message of the ad would be discussed as well as its effectiveness in eliciting emotional appeal from a wide range of audience. Context The ad was created by Interpublic Group's Deutsch Inc.'s Los Angeles office and was released online on February 2, 2011 (Hall, 2011). It was created for the Super Bowl, but, according to Holmes (2011), â€Å"VW had posted the clip online two weeks before the sporting event — allowing the clip to rack up 10 million views before it ever aired on TV† (par. 2). It was reportedly posted in YouTube and has topped the most viewed and shared branded video totalling â€Å"4.71 million social media shares and 46.05 million views since its online release† (Hall, 2011, par. 1). Description of the Ad? The advertisement began with the famous Star Wars music at the background and a boy in a Darth Vader suit walking along the hall of their home trying his supposed telekinesis powers on different objects: the stationary bike, the dog, the washing machine, a doll seated on a bed, and even a plate of sandwich that was reluctantly pushed over to him by his mother – all to his dismay and disappointment. When he heard his father’s car coming through the driveway, he immediately tried his power on the new Passat. Without his knowledge, and as observed by his parents over the kitchen window, his father used the remote control to start on the ignition of the Passat to coincide with his prodding for ‘the force’ - in total amazement and surprise of the boy. ?Message The message of the ad was that the vehicle responds to the needs of the family, including an unsuspecting boy – who wanted to test if he has any powers on objects. By responding to his efforts, the new Passat would be emotionally appealing to the boy and to the whole family. As reported by Pathak (2011), its creator, Mike Sheldon, CEO of Deutsch LA, the West-Coast arm of Deutsch Inc., disclosed that the main message of the ad was to focus on tapping â€Å"into humanity rather than sheet metal. "We've got every element, from John Williams’ music to a cute six year old," he said. "The Passat is a family car, it's new this year and we have to reach those people"† (Pathak, 2011, pars. 11 & 12). Ideology The basic ideology that framed the worldview in this ad is the human appeal provided by the new Passat by being packaged as a family car – more than seeing it as a piece of steel parts and for its functionality. By using a boy and the appeal of the Star Wars character, Darth

Social Media And Gender

Social Media And Gender As the social media and the related activities are rapidly developing, the number of involved women users are more than the number of men now. Due to this fact, there are many possible changes that could be experienced within the future media. Advertising and media Companies have been said to use the same and outdate forms of ideology to understand their audiences. However, it becomes more and more challenging to keep using these outdate patterns. Due to the increasing trend of social media usage by women, social media such as newspapers, movies, magazines, social networking sites, would have a huge impact on the shaping of social patterns.(Thompson 2011) It is necessary to analyze some of the quotes that are related to the social media and the aspect of gender when viewing the issue of social media and how the gender influences media. It is also necessary to analyze the aspect of women taking charge of the media, the increasing popularity of social media, and the relationship between age, gender, and the social media. (Thompson 2011) In order to complete analyzing the influences between social media activities and the aspect of gender, it is helpful to not only consider the number of the social media users and the length of the time they spent on social media but also compare the modern social media with the previous media. As mentioned before, social media communication patterns has been shaping the ideology of audiences and also been shaped by the gender of users. Many media communication methods have very deep connection to the aspect of gender in different cultures. (Donald A. MacKenzie 1985) A reliable research study which is completed by Claude S. Fisher indicates that the telephone has for long had some gendered forms of connections, people widely held belief that females talk more as compared to men. Therefore, most of people believe the employers of telephone industry would prefer to choose women as their operators in this industry. What is more, the research study also indicates that young women were closely related to the trivial and extensive phone usage for pure social purposes. The research further indicates that, the usage of women and influence on computer development has actually been trivialized while there some of computers are designed to be masculine. (Fisher 1994) However, this res earch study does not explain for the large number of women who use the social networking sites through these masculine computers. In our previous review for these relates research studies, we believe the research studies which evaluate the aspect of gender group that dominated the social media and we also analyzed the factors behind that domination. There is another research study by the TIME group which evaluates the factors behind the fact that Pinterest belongs to women and Google belongs to men. This research study indicates that around 83% of the users of Pinterest were actually women, and approximate two-thirds of Google+ users are men.(Wagstaff 2012) This research study raises a question on whether this fact means the female users dominated the social media and male users have less impact on the media. (Dines 2002) According to the results of the this research study, the reason behind this surprising fact is that google+ has less female friendly form of content than Pinterest, and its functions are more focus on academic using purpose instead of social networking. Consider another research study conducted in the year 2006. The research study indicated that, there was a historic and also a contemporary form of evidence, which indicated current fears on online safety of the young girls, had historical antecedents, such as media tools that included phones. The research also indicated that, in many cases, the historic reactions eventually resulted into some form of restrictions for the usage of technology towards protection of girls from harm and the threat that could harm their innocence. The research study, however, did not indicate the level into which the same media platform was used to protect the vulnerable boy child from effects of threats, harm, predators, criminals, and molestation over the social media or any other technological platform. Men and women usually use the social networking services in different ways, purposes, and with different frequencies. Many of research studies have indicated that, a specific gender group tends to use the social networks more than others with different purpose. Therefore, it is advisable to understand the target users better and make the development of efforts toward the diversity group of gender users with various purposes. As been mentioned in the article The Social Media Gender Gap, been compared with male users most of female users usually make more purchasing decisions and spend longer time on the on-line shopping. Women seem to be more likely to tell their friends about their purchases. (Hoffman 2008) Due to this fact the female users is the major group where the advertisers could get more benefits from. A majority of these researchers still indicate that although both users group of gender use social media frequently, women still the ones that hold down the fort. (Hoffman 2008 ) A majority of experts indicate that the internet is certainly going to look pink in the future. This means that, the entire future of the social media and its relative activities are going to be all about gender-based. In the other words, the future social media will be women oriented. Some of these experts in the web development field encouraged the upcoming web developers to take women as their main target if these web developer have the desire to get more benefits from their upcoming business. It is very interesting to notice that different gender members always act differently when they are using online services to do their activities in their daily life, which are part of the social media tools such as on-line shopping, blogging, posting and sharing pictures etc. According to this fact, the Website could be considered as an extremely important and essential form of social medium. Hence, a successful Website design is actually all about how to succeeds to be fit into the diversity social groups and dynamic social ideology. Although men were traditionally viewed as the earlier main target of the technological development, women have became the group which stands at the forefront of the social media related activities. Another study thirteen million people and were trying to find out the actual way in which a majority of them were using the social media. As the results indicates that members of both gender were participants in the field of social media, it was very clear that women have the larger number of members than the male gender so far. As a result of the same, the next wave of innovative ideas that are linked to the social media is likely to target a greater number of women than that of men (Hoffman 2008). This will widen the gender gap of social media. The research study also indicates that young women are more likely to be active on the social sites such as My Space, Twitter, Facebook, and Flixster which are very significant forms to connect to and interact with these social media sites, which is more than young men. It is very obvious that men who are above age thirty years old and men who are married usually do not have time for social media, and most of those men who are under age thir ty show they are not willing to do so after they attain that age. With the exception of the LinkedIn users who have to friend everyone on the social sites for business and job hunting purpose, these men are never willing to hang out the social networking sites. However, in contrast to the same age and married women, joining the social networks one after another. In fact, the fastest growing division, is identified as the age groups between thirty five and fifty, especially the users on My Space. (Hoffman 2008) The future researchers could evaluate the new form of gender difference that exist, and the reasons of why these forms of difference exist. According to the Rapleaf study, it is very clear that young men usually spend more of their time on computers and have plenty of free time. However, there are many competitions for drawing attentions from them, especially from the online games like Legend and first person action games. It is evident that, a majority of these men who like playing such online or computer games, usually tend to play other casual games like gambling. Although most of gambling games are banned by these social networks, the majority men would tend to seek for substitution game which allow them to play and bet at same time. This is a factor that makes young men keep off the interaction with the social media. In contrast to the same age group, women group are actually a big supporters of the casual games, as well as the social media networks. Another fact is that, a majo rity of these young women actually spend massive times when they making efforts towards decorating their profiles on the social network sitesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ pages. This study points out that although young men have the desire to participant in these games, they naturally tend to prohibit themselves to spend too much time on the games and feel they have the responsibility to going out and have social life in the real life. These nautically self-discipline come from their social ideology which has the potential to shape their lifestyle and behaviors. It is also worth noting that, whenever these men get married, they attach significantly less value to these social networking sites, while women still continue using these sites as a part of their daily life where they could share their moment of life with others. It can be concluded as men actually tend to view things in a more transactional manner as compared to women. (Hoffman 2008) That is the reason why a majority of married men dominated some of sites like linkeldln and google+ which are two of transactional forms of social media network sites. Men usually can only be attracted to media sites that assist them in either gathering more intelligence, making introductions, or do some gambling. It is expected that men want to keep on gravitating to the transactional sites including those that enable them gain the interaction with the world of sports, news, as well; as financial information. However, their disadvantage are some of those that are not attracting much efforts of expertise from the website developers, hence they are declining in terms of content, and then keeping men away from the media sites. As the result, the gap which is based on the transactional aspect tends to be wider gradually. Meanwhile, this would make female gender users to be in the forefront of using, and managing the social sites. Womenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s behavior within the media suites is less transactional while it is more of relationship driven. Relationship building over the media network has been linked to certain a given category of the gender parity. Married women spend so much time over the media making new friends, sharing pictures with friends and relatives, communicating to their former friends, as well as treating their social network profiles as the home page for their entire families. We might experience massive jobs and hire of women to the social media world. Considering the significant importance that women serve to the social media industry, then it is absolutely amazing to see how a few female executives who exist in the companies and the different venture capital firms tend to dominate in term of performance. Since the social media have been identified to be too much into tune with the women, a majority of the male audiences will have to be increasingly seen as significantly less valuable as compared to the female ones. It is widely known that women normally spend more and also make more of purchasing decisions as compared to men. Women are also likely to tell their friends about the purchases, hence advertisers will always get some double benefits form the female consumers. The media, as well as a wide range of the adverting forms that are part of the social media, are becoming increasingly motivated to hire women to be in charge of the management processes in these firms due to their potential influence. Due to the various research studies that indicate that women are the most vibrant members in the usage of tools of mass media, there is a possibility that the very next wave of innovation is likely to target more women as compared to men. This should be done because of the fact that the gender gap that already exist on the social network and increasingly within all the social media is continuously widening. It is, however, advisable to have it in mind that male adoption is also growing as well. It wonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t keep pace with expanding engagement amongst the female users. It is notable that since a majority of women use the media network in socializing, a single dollar spent marketing towards acquiring any female user happens to go a lot further as compared on a male user.

Methods of Evangelism

Romans Road shows how a person can be lad to Christ through a series of steps. These steps are all found in the book of Romans, hence the name, Romans Road. It provides a very clear perspective of who needs salvation, why they need salvation, how God provides salvation, how we receive salvation, and the results of salvation. Advantages – It is step-by-step and is very direct on what has happened to Christ, and how we can be with Him for eternity. Disadvantages –Romans Road does not show how to live a life for Christ after a person invites Christ to be their Lord and Savior. Friendship Evangelism Summary of Method – Friendship evangelism is sharing the Word of God with friends who have not accepted him or are not sure that it is the right path to take spiritually. Advantages – When a person wants to use friendship evangelism, they are not talking to total strangers. They are talking to friends that they have made and people that they trust. This allows the m to be themselves when talking about God.Disadvantages – Some people would rather not put their guard down and show some transparency when talking about religion. They might be afraid of rejection from their friends. Door-to-Door Evangelism Summary of Method – Door to door evangelism is going from house to house sharing the good news of Jesus Christ. Morons and Jehovah Witnesses use this method. Advantages- One advantage for this method is that you are talking to people where they are comfortable (at their home). It is a one on one conversation that could be starting a religious revolution in their life.Also, you are reaching out to people who may be at a very vulnerable point in their life, a point where they need Christ. Disadvantages – This method may put your safety in harms way by not knowing who the people are. People may also refuse to listen, may not be home, may rebuke you, and may become hostile with you. Studies and surveys have shown it is not the m ost effective evangelism method. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life What method best suits you? The method that best suits my personality is friendship evangelism.Out of the three methods, friendship evangelism is the easiest for me to relate to. Why is this the best method for you? Friendship evangelism is about sharing the gospel with people that you know. I believe that it is the best method for me because of the people that I am with. I want them to see and be with me in the kingdom of Heaven. I also want them to experience the goodness of God and his grace among them. It is also easier for me to open up to people that I know, people that I can trust, people that I know will respect me and that will still be my friend no tater what I believe in.

Classical vs. Hellenistic Periods Essay - 677 Words

During the span of the Classical and Hellenistic periods in Ancient Greece, many changes occurred that differentiated one from the other. There were many facets of society that were affected as a result from the Classical period leading to the Hellenistic period. The Classical period was a time of intellectual growth and stimulus. The desire to learn brought about the need for a group of teachers to impart worldly wisdom unto their students. This new group of teachers that emerged were known as Sophists, which means those who are wise. Socrates, a great philosopher of the Classical period, challenged the assumed truths of his day in order to reconstruct Athenian life. Plato, Socrates best student, in turn became a great philosopher†¦show more content†¦Thus, the skeptics believed that there is no truth; even the statement, there is no truth could be false according to the Skeptics. All that can be said from a skeptical viewpoint is that things appear to be a certain way and never can be used as evidence for the truth. These grim outlooks on life are a very stark contrast from the more inquisitive and speculative doctrines of the classical period. In the Classical period, knowledge seemed as if it were a fountain forever untapped- in the Hellenistic period, many believed no knowledge seemed to be certain, and therefore as good as non-existent in the first place. Religion in the Classical period was based upon pagan beliefs. People of ancient times relied upon religion because it explained things that people could not explain using what they knew then. This same idea applied in the Hellenistic period, however, there was less pagan belief and more nihilistic views as far as religion went. In the Classical period, the polis, or the city-state, was the focus of Greek life. The most important thing to the Greeks was their allegiance to the polis. To be exiled from the polis was worse than death. After the conquest of Greece and the unification of all of the polis, the Greeks lost their individuality. This caused an identity crisis and confusion among the Greeks. Eventually the turmoil caused by the conquest of Greece led to the gloomy and depressing views in Philosophy that wereShow MoreRelatedAn Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagescultural propaganda. Greek Heros= models of courage skill to men (what to be) women (what to look for- sense of security). a. Dominant Theme: warrior code of personal honor and glory b. Contrasting themes: Family principle, simple country life vs. war, admiration of enemies. 5. Literary works by Homer Blind poet Homer - represents the culmination of a long and vigorous tradition in which oral recitation—possibly to instrumental accompaniment—was a popular kind of entertainment. 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Reflective Summary of Clinical Supervision Model Essay

Summary of Clinical Supervision Cycle Introduction The clinical supervision model for conducting observations has been used in the education field for decades. Clinical supervision involves a teacher receiving information from an administrator, colleague, peer coach, or mentor, who has observed the teachers performance and who serves as both a mirror and a sounding board to aid the teacher in critical examination of a specific aspect of their instruction and possibly alter his or her own professional practice. Clinical supervision is an instruction improving tool in which a high degree of mutual trust and commitment to growth is required on the part of the teacher and observer. The structure of a clinical observation cycle includes†¦show more content†¦The pre-conference gave us both a feeling of preparedness for the observation and eased any tension there may been. Step 2: Observation The observation is the follow-through on the pre-conference. 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The Federal Government Is Responsible For Providing Health...

American have been struggling with a broken health care system for the last twenty-six years. Currently, many American do not have health care. The federal government is responsible for providing health care for all American people. Therefore, the government came up with Medicare and Obama Care. addition, private corporation came up with health insurance plans. A health care system that does not provide healthcare to the majority of sickening American is consider broken because it fails in it purposes. Medicare is a program establish by the federal government to provide health care for people who cannot afford to get health insurance. According to Medicare Medicaid Services† On July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law the bill that led to the Medicare and Medicaid.† Eligible are people with disabilities, senior citizens, and underage. Furthermore, Medicare was meant to be a salvation to reduce the suffering of low-income individuals, but it costs federal administration billions of dollars every year, and the numbers keep increasing. According to Medicare Medicaid Services, Medicare spending grew 5.5% to $618.7 billion in 2014.† Afterward, Medicare covers everything from doctor visits to necessary surgery and drugs. For that reason, a countless number of people desire to get it, but they cannot qualify for it. For instance, the average income for minimum wage employee in Arizona is sixteen thousand a year. Because that employee exceeds requireme ntShow MoreRelatedBureau of Prisons Regulatory Agency1295 Words   |  6 PagesBureau of Prisons Regulatory Agency Health Care is not just of concern to the private sector. Health Care reaches into the prison system as well. Federal and state laws have been created to ensure that the prison system provides health care through the medical facilities available. 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Investigation of factors affecting the distribution of Chironomus larvae in Nant Iago Free Essays

string(116) " to the fact that if they are respiring at a higher rate, then there will need to be more oxygen available to them\." Method: Biotic Data 1. The stream was split into 14 sections and groups of 3 were each assigned to work at different sections of the stream, which began at the beginning, right at the top, and ended further down stream. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of factors affecting the distribution of Chironomus larvae in Nant Iago or any similar topic only for you Order Now The method we used for our experiment was Disturbance Sampling. This was accomplished with the aid of a Surber Sampler which we used in one riffle and one pool in our section. The Surber Sampler consisted of a net which had a 1.0mm2 mesh at the end where all the samples were collected and a quadrat which was placed over a part of the riffle or pool and gave us our area of sampling. 3. By laying the quadrat flat on the bed, I disturbed the stream bed and washed any lying organisms into the mesh. I then washed the water through the mesh to collect any samples in the water. 4. Once this was done the invertebrates were identified, counted and recorded Physical Data: 1. To accomplish my physical data, I measured the pH of the water, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the dissolved oxygen, the depth and the temperature. 2. All were measured using specialised probes which were placed in the water of the riffles or the pool. The probes gave us readings of whichever piece of data we were trying to achieve after 30 seconds. The readings were then recorded. 3. The amount of detritus was estimated using estimation by eye, recorded and measured using a scale of 1-4: 1. None 2. Little 3. Some 4. Abundant The pool was 4 and the riffles was 2. 4. The substrate was also identified as to what matter was present, i.e. Riffles: gravel’s and pebbles. Pools: twigs, soil, leaves, detritus. Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference in the numbers of Chironomus between pools and riffles. Alternative Hypothesis: There will be a significantly higher number of Chironomus in the pools than in the riffles. Which statistical test? I am going to use the chi square test because we do not know the normal distribution of the data and because I only have a small data sample of 14. A chi square test is used to see if observe values are different from expected values. X2 = ? (O-E)2 o = observed E E = expected POOL RIFFLE OBSERVED (o) 285 15 EXPECTED (e) 300 = 150 300 = 15 O – E 285 – 150 = 135 15 – 150 = -135 (O – E) 2 (285- 150)2 = 18,225 (15-150)2 = 18,225 ( O-E)2 E 18225 = 121.5 150 18225 = 121.5 150 ? (O-E)2 E 121.5 + 121.5 = 243 My chi square value from the experiment was 243. The critical value from the table at 95% confidence showed to be 3.84 at 1 degree of freedom. Because my experimental chi- square value is of a much greater value than my calculated value, it leaves me with a result indicating that my Null Hypothesis is incorrect. I am 99.9% confident that it is wrong as the critical value at this point is 10.8 and my calculated critical value is 243 which is an extremely larger figure. Therefore I will in turn accept my alternative hypothesis which states that there will be a significantly larger number of Chironomus in pools than in the riffles. After my statistical analysis, I can see that there was significantly more Chironomus found in the pool. As my density data shows the maximum abundance of Chironomus is 800m2 in the pool, whereas the maximum number of Chironomus found in the riffles is 50m2. Interpretation Our aim was to investigate the distribution of freshwater Macroinvertebrates in two microhabitats in an upland stream. A stream is formed due to gravity causing overland flow in water and there are many individual factors which affect the stream and the abundance of its inhabitants. The two different types of factors are Abiotic and Biotic. Abiotic The Abiotic factors, which would affect the stream and its inhabitants, are: The current in the riffles, which is significantly stronger compared to the current in the pools. It would suggest that there are either not as many organisms living in the riffles or that if there are, then they would be specially adapted organisms. Examples of this would be an organism, which is highly streamlined. This would help it be prevented from being washed off the rock. It is also adapted to living in the riffles with its ‘claws’ that help it grip and cling onto the rock to prevent it from being washed away. In comparison, there is evidence to indicate that there is none or very little current in the pools. This will affect the organisms living in the pools, because there is very little chance for them to be washed away, resulting in there being a higher population of organisms in the pools than there is in the riffles. The low ratings of current mean that there is also a lot of small substrate particles. This means that many other different types of organisms will inhabit the pools as there will be more prey for predators, and in turn, those which are the predators, will attract organisms which hunt for them themselves. These new predators will also inhabit the pools to consume their prey. The substratum levels and content of them also affects the stream and its organisms. In the pools, there are mostly high levels of detritus as the current is extremely low and so the sediment is allowed to settle on the streambed and be built up. There are, however, lower numbers of detritus, twigs and leaves in the riffles because there is a high current running here and anything which settles here will get washed away. Therefore, there is a layer of gravel and pebbles. Temperature also affects the distribution of organisms. When there are high temperatures or when the temperatures rise, the respiration of the organism will also rise, affecting where they must live due to the fact that if they are respiring at a higher rate, then there will need to be more oxygen available to them. You read "Investigation of factors affecting the distribution of Chironomus larvae in Nant Iago" in category "Papers" By living in the pools, this large amount of oxygen is unavailable to them because of the slow flow rate and low dissolved oxygen percentage. If there is a drastic change in the temperature of the water, then the enzymes in most organisms will become denatured and they will die. This is also the case if the temperature becomes too cold. The organisms will not be able to live in those conditions and so will die. The percentage of dissolved oxygen affects the stream and the distribution of its organisms. When there is a low percentage of dissolved oxygen, there will be a high number of organisms, which are specially adapted to living in these kinds of conditions, such as the Chironomus. This organism has haemoglobin in its body to help it survive in such low levels of dissolved oxygen when it is burrowed in the stream bed. Where there are high levels of oxygen, you will find that there are riffles. This means that there will be very little number of organisms present as they will just be washed away. Biotic Biotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance of the stream and its organisms include: * Food Availability – for example,the prey or food particles of the correct size/type * Predation –The probability of prey surviving plummets when predator densities increase. * Competition –Competition from organisms with similar ecological niches * Disease There are 2 microhabitats in the Nant Iago; the pool, and the riffle. I am now going to describe in more detail the differences the characteristics of the two microhabitats and compare them to assist me in describing the factors affecting the distribution of organisms in Nant Iago Nr. Abergevanny, S. Wales. Characteristics Of A Pool To begin, the substrate in the pool mainly consists of small particles such as sand, mud, detritus and twigs. Detritus is dead decaying organic matter. This build up is due to the low flow rate of 0.05m/s in the stream which prevents the substrate from being washed away. The effect is that the substrate settles and is deposited on the streambed as there is not enough force to wash it away and becomes a habitat for many organisms which can be established in the stream. It has made the detritus rating 3.7 which is abundant. The percentage of dissolved oxygen in the stream is 63.6% which is low. This low amount of dissolved oxygen is due to the fact that bacteria feed on the large amounts of settled detritus. These decomposing bacteria are high in numbers and aerobically respire extensively as they feed on the detritus. In order to respire, oxygen is needed; therefore oxygen levels are exceptionally low and plummet in pools due to the mass of bacteria respiring. This leaves a low ventilation of fresh oxygen in water. The low level of fresh oxygen is also due to the substrate on the streambed accumulating and being so condensed, that the water particles are restricted from moving through it. This, together with the low current, means that the oxygen is not able to be replaced and conditions in pool sediments may become anoxic. Characteristics Of A Riffle In a riffle the number of small substrate particles recorded was lower than that of the pool, and this is due to the much faster current flowing through this part of the stream. The flow rate here was 0.431 m/s. This means that it has a considerably higher kinetic energy in comparison to the pool and it results in the diminutive particles and detritus being swept away with ease. This is evidential through the data which I recorded where it demonstrates that the detritus count was 2.4 (little). Organisms which would need to be adapted to these kinds of speeds of water flow. Baetidae is an example. These organisms are extremely streamlined. This assists the organism greatly, as when it hangs onto the rocks, instead of the water taking the Baetidae with its current, the water will instead flow over due to its highly streamlined body. This is also helpful as when the water flows over the organism, the pressure from the flow causes the organism to be pressed against the rock even more, causing greater resistance to the organism being taken away with the current. The Baetidae also has adapted ‘claws’ which are situated on the ends of its legs. These claws cling onto the rock to help give extra strength against being taken away with the current. The dissolved percentage of oxygen was read at 64.1%. This however may not entirely be correct as the reading is far too low than expected, which leads me to believe that the reader may have been defected as the value should be closer to 100%. The general trend is superior to that of the pools because there are large gaps between the large substrate particles in the riffles, which in turn results in higher ventilation and faster current/water flow through the sediment. I will now explain how and why Chironomus are found in pools and are able to live in anoxic conditions. As a female adult Midge deposits her eggs in water, the gelatinous mass hatches and each larvae which has hatched, burrows into the detritus on the bed of the pool. Once here, it develops a silken burrow to prevent the detritus from collapsing on it. The only time the detritivore Chironomus vaguely leaves this silken burrow is when it will pop its head out briefly to feed on the surrounding detritus. This benthic invertebrate is adapted to existing in anoxic conditions and has become acquired to them through several ways; psyological adaptations, behavioural adaptations and structural adaptations. * Structural Adaptations – The Chironomus has diminutive gills at the end of its body which amplifies the large surface area to volume ratio. Therefore oxygen may diffuse in quickly and easily. Its slender cylinder shape means that it can burrow easily in the detritus found on the stream bed. * Behavioural Adaptations – The Chironomus exists in silken burrows in the sediment. This means that there is a constrained quantity of oxygen obtainable to them. Therefore to make the oxygen accessible, they undulate their bodies to make water flow through the tube. This enables the haemoglobin in their bodies to become saturated with oxygen from the water in this ventilation current. * Psyological Adaptations – Just like a mammalian, in order for oxygen to be transported around the body, it must combine with haemoglobin first. Chironomus has haemoglobin which is very similar to that of a mammal. It consists of 1 or 2 polypeptide chains of 136 to 151 amino acid length. Each polypeptide is folded into a tertiary structure and has a single haem group. This haemoglobin is, however, not found in cells, but is found in the body cavity in a fluid named haemolymph. The only main difference between the Chironomus haemoglobin and mammalian haemoglobin is that Chironomus haemoglobin has a much higher affinity for oxygen. This signifies that the oxygen will bind to the haem groups at extremely low partial pressures and will be released only when needed. This assists them when burrowing in anoxic conditions, in the sediment on the pool bed, where oxygen is very restricted. The haemoglobin act as an oxygen store and will this can be demonstrated on an oxygen dissociatio n graph. As shown, the O2 dissociation curve for the Chironomus haemoglobin is to the left of the mammalian O2 dissociation curve. This means that it has a higher affinity and will bind oxygen at especially low partial pressures. The reason why the Chironomus dissociation curve is straight is due to the fact that it has only two polypeptides so it is extremely easy for the molecules to bind to the haem groups. The mammalian dissociation curve is s-shaped (sigmoid). This is because it has four polypeptides. With the first haem group, it is tough for the O2 molecule to bind to it, but once it has then this makes it easier for the second and third O2 molecule to bind to the haem groups. The reason why the curve lines off is due to the fact that it is harder for oxygen to bind to the fourth haem group. Benefits of living in anoxic sediments: Living in anoxic conditions requires special adaptations which can be found in Chironomus. Examples of why it may be beneficial for the Chironomus to live in anoxic conditions are that it helps them avoid predation from predators such as the stone fly nymphs; Perlodidae. It also helps Chironomus avoid competition such as interspecific competition from other organisms, for example, the shrimp (gammaridae) who are also detritivores. The shrimp will feed on the floating detritus but cannot enter the substrates and feed on any buried detritus as it does not have adaptations for anoxic conditions. The Chironomus, however, will feed on the detritus in the pool bed. It means that the shrimp cannot feed on the lower parts of detritus because of the low amounts of dissolved oxygen, they will not survive. This shows the different niches. Evaluation: Experimental Errors: Limitations in apparatus: The limitations in the apparatus equipment may have had an overall affect on my final results. By discussing the limitations with my apparatus, I can then relate it to the affect it had on my results. The first limitation was with the Surber Sampler we used. In the pools, there is not as much flow as there is originating in the riffles. This can be distinguished on my results table where it illustrates that the mean flow rate for the pools is 0.059m/s in contrast to 0.431m/s found in the riffles. Hence, this signifies that with a low flow rate in the pools, anything disturbed such as Chironomus or other invertebrates which did not get washed into the net could have swum away with ease. In comparison, the riffles had the advantage of having a high flow rate connotating that there was a high chance of invertebrates being washed into the mesh net. This affects the results because it means that there could have been an artificially lower count of Chironomus in the pools. there wasn’t and where there should have been a lower, or perhaps a zero count, of Chironomus in the riffles, there were results that showed up to 5 Chironomus being found. The second constraint caused by the Surber Sampler we used was due to the net. The net mesh is 1mm2 and this may have been a problem. Chironomus goes through 8 instar stages where at each stage, they shed their skin and grow bigger. At the first instar stage, the Chironomus is especially minuscule, so when we disturbed the pool or riffle, the small Chironomus will have simply washed straight through the net. This brings us to a conclusion that we could only have possibly trapped Chironomus or other invertebrates exceeding the size of 1mm due to the fact that they would have been rinsed directly through the net if any smaller. This affects the results because it demonstrates that there may have been a significantly higher amount of Chironomus in both pools and riffles although they were not recorded as the net was unsuccessful in detaining them, reason being that their size was too diminutive. Nonetheless, this is not a very significant error as it has an equal effect in both the pool s and the riffles. A third limitation with the Surber Sampler was related to the substrate. More rocks can be found in the riffles, whereas in the pools, more sand and silt can be found. The rocks in the riffles prevented the Surber Sampler from lying flat as the rocks are, all, various sizes. As the Surber Sampler cannot lie flat, Chironomus may have been washed away, underneath the Surber Sampler where it failed to touch the stream bed. The way this has affected the results is obvious. Any Chironomus which failed to wash into the net swam away when disturbed, leaving the Chironomus results lower than they should have been in the riffles. This is an important error as it only effects the riffles. Limitations in method: The method we all took up comprised of each group being assigned to a certain part of the stream. The limitation of this is that when groups further up stepped into the stream; they would have disturbed the streambed. However, samples which they disturbed were not collected. Instead, the invertebrates which were disturbed could have been washed down stream and rinsed into a net belonging to another group downstream. This is called ‘invertebrate drift’ and it is caused when a large number of people are sampling all at the same moment. When invertebrate drift takes place, the invertebrates are much more likely to settle in pools as they have a very low flow rate and this causes the Chironomus count to be higher than it should be which is called ‘over sampling’. It influences the results because it means that, theoretically, the Chironomus count which some groups collected is more elevated than supposed to. This is a major error source as its effect is limited to the downstream groups and mainly the pool regions. This is linked to the accuracy of our results being affected by the limitations in the method. Another aspect contributing to the accuracy of our results being affected by limitations in the method, is that there was no standard method of disturbing. Individuals, who disturbed for their group, will have done so in a different manner to another individual disturbing the streambed further upstream, or downstream. This affects the results because it means that some groups will have collected more data through unsettling the streambed more thoroughly than other groups. Hence, gives the connotation that more invertebrates and Chironomus were found in their sample, which is evident in the pools results where it shows that group 5 collected 80 Chironomus whereas group 11 only collected 3 Chironomus. This is not a major error source as its effect is likely to be equal in both of the pools and riffles. Anomalous Results: By analyzing my results, I have seen that there are several anomalous results which can be commented on. I will discuss and compare the anomalous results which have arisen in both the pools and riffles; Pools: In my results, by looking at Surber Number’s 5 and 9, you can evidently distinguish that the recorded amount of Chironomus established in the pools is ’80’ and ’70’. This is a particularly high amount, even for the pools and it may possibly have been caused by invertebrate drift, as explained above, which would affect the results because it means that the Chironomus was over sampled. This is in contrast to surber sampler’s 7 and 8, where a recorded number of zero Chironomus can be recognized. The reason for this may be due to the detritus reading being ‘2’ with surber sampler number 7. Chironomus feed and bury themselves underneath this detritus sediment which is possibly why there are no Chironomus found in surber sampler 7. This affects the results here, because it leaves us with a lower recording of Chironomus than we are meant to have. However, this does not explain the findings for surber sampler number 8. The detritus reading here is 4, which may lead us to believe that perhaps the low Chironomus reading is due to predation, being eaten by a fish of some kind preliminary to our sampling. Perhaps also the Chironomus was in its first instar stage, which would mean that they will not have been trapped by the mesh net. Alternatively, the Chironomus might have just developed into an adult midge, and would no longer be found in the water, but in the air. This would affect the results collected because it would leave us the impression that possibly, if we had sampled the stream on an earlier, or later date, then the Chironomus would be at a trappable larva stage. Riffles: Surber sampler’s 7, 8 and 12 have high numbers of Chironomus readings despite of the fact that they are not usually found in this area. Possible reasons for this might be due to invertebrate drift from further upstream, or it could be due to the small particles of detritus being found in these riffles. The detritus could have been collected in sheltered areas such as behind large boulders. After being deposited there and this would have developed a micro habitat, with a mini pool being formed in a riffle, which would explain the high number’s of Chironomus being found. Another anomalous result which was portrayed in both the riffle and pools results was the dissolved oxygen saturation readings. By observing both of the mean dissolved oxygen percentage saturations, we can see that in the pools it is 63.6% and in the riffles it is 64.1%. This is entirely incorrect due to the fact that in pools, there is supposed to be barely any dissolved oxygen saturated in the water, and in the riffles, there is supposed to be in the vicinity of 100% dissolved oxygen saturated in the water. These erroneous results are down to the oxygen meter being broken. It affected our whole experiment because it meant we were not able to carry out the trial accurately and record correct results which would assist us in our evaluation. Reliability: In my opinion, the 2 central error sources in my experiment were caused by the Surber Sampler and invertebrate drift. Invertebrate drift occurs when large numbers of people are sampling the equivalent lake/stream at the same period in time. It is incurred when someone (upstream) walking through the stream disturbs the streambed, but does not collect the samples with their mesh net, or in other cases it is caused when invertebrates sweep under/ through/ or to the side of the net. Hereafter, any invertebrates disturbed will flow along with the current and settle amid pools (mainly downstream) which affects results because it means that invertebrates and Chironomus have been over sampled. To prevent invertebrate drift, instead of all groups sampling the stream at the same time, we could allow the group furthest downstream (group 14) to do their experiment first, and then work our way upstream, only allowing groups to do their trial once the group further down has finished their experiment. E.g., group 14 will do their experiment initially and once complete, group 13 will do their experiment. Then once group 13 has completed their experiment, group 12 may carry out their experiment and so forth. This method of carrying out the experiments will completely avoid the matter of invertebrate drift which improve the accuracy of results achieved. Another way of shunning invertebrate drift would be to improve apparatus used, which brings me onto the second central error source within the experiment. The Surber Sampler’s which we used composed only of a quadrat base and a mesh net attached to the end of the quadrat (see drawing). This basic surber sampler meant that when we positioned the quadrat onto the (riffles) streambed, it would not have been laid flat because of rocks being various contours and masses. This affects the results because it means that with the surber sampler lying at an awkward angle, when disturbing, invertebrates are highly likely to be swept underneath the mesh net, or the side, instead of into it. A way of recuperating this quandary is by utilizing a better surber sampler. One surber sampler which could be used consists of a bottomless box attached to the bottom of the quadrat. This will improve the experiment and results because not only will it avoid invertebrate drift through the way that nothing will be able to escape (because it will enclose everything within the desired sampling area right down to the streambed), but it will also improve accuracy, giving you a set volume of substrate. Another alternative to the surber sampler’s which we used is a piece of apparatus called the ‘Eckman Grab’. These ‘grabs’ do not have nets attached to the end of them, but instead act as a set of claws. After your sample has been picked up by these ‘grabs’, you cleanly drop all of its contents into your tray where after, you can record the results. This will develop the results because one of the core setbacks with surber samplers is that the nets tend to lose samples (through or under), whereas with these ‘grabs’ they do not have nets and so keeping all the samples within its hold will assure the results are more accurate and improved. Final Conclusion: As my final conclusion, I will articulate that the trial my group carried out had a quantity of inaccuracies, but not enough for me to completely reject the whole experiment. The results are reasonable as they reflect the way nature works, regardless of the main sources of error. Also, the statistics and chi squared number shows a highly significant difference in the number of Chironomus in the pools and riffles with more found in the pools. The experimental errors are not large enough to cause a 99.9% rejection of the null hypothesis. To determine the whole pattern of invertebrates and Chironomus along the stream, the experiments should have been carried out every month, instead of just one day. By doing the experiments on just one day we are left with results that are only able to give us a general idea and impression of the patterns of the distribution of invertebrates and Chironomus along the stream. I had to reject my null hypothesis, as I was 99.9% confident that there was a difference. In my opinion, if I was to repeat this experiment even with the improvements I have suggested, then the results obtained would still be the same. How to cite Investigation of factors affecting the distribution of Chironomus larvae in Nant Iago, Papers